What Is the Difference Between a Will and a Trust?

Everyone has heard the terms "will" and "trust," but not everyone knows the differences between the two.

Both are useful estate planning devices that serve different purposes, and both can work together to create a complete estate plan.

Will vs Trust: When They Go Into Effect

One main difference between a will and a trust is that a will goes into effect only after you die, while a trust takes effect as soon as you create it.

A will is a document that directs who will receive your property at your death and it appoints a legal representative to carry out your wishes.

By contrast, a trust can be used to begin distributing property before death, at death, or afterward. A trust is a legal arrangement through which one person (or an institution, such as a bank or law firm), called a "trustee," holds legal title to property for another person, called a "beneficiary."

A trust usually has two types of beneficiaries — one set that receives income from the trust during their lives and another set that receives whatever is left over after the first set of beneficiaries dies.

A will covers any property that is only in your name when you die. It does not cover property held in joint tenancy or in a trust. A trust, on the other hand, covers only property that has been transferred to the trust. For property to be included in a trust, it must be put in the name of the trust.

The Role of Probate

Another difference between a will and a trust is that a will passes through probate. That means a court oversees the administration of the will and ensures the will is valid, and the deceased person's property then gets distributed the way the deceased wanted.

A trust passes outside of probate. So, a court does not need to oversee the process, which can save time and money. Unlike a will, which becomes part of the public record, a trust can remain private.

Wills and trusts each have their advantages and disadvantages. For example, a will allows you to name a guardian for children and to specify funeral arrangements, while a trust does not.

On the other hand, a trust can be used to plan for disability or to provide savings on taxes.

Do I Need a Will or Trust?

It depends. If you want to avoid probate, which can save time and money for your heirs, a trust is something you should investigate. For instance, you may have jointly owned property, which is not covered by a will. If you want that property to pass outside of probate, you might consider placing it in a trust. Certain trusts also offer tax advantages.

Every person's situation is unique. Be sure to consult with a qualified estate planning attorney near you to determine how best to use a will and a trust in your estate plan.

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